Jinghpaw Wunpawng Sha ni a shawng daw na lam "Xiongnu (shing n rai) Huns"

"Xiongnu (shing n rai) Huns"

By Maran Ja Gun

Huns ngu ai ma sha chyazai ni hpe labau e barbarians nga shamying ma ai. Ndai. Huns ni hpe Miwa hku Hsiungnu shing n rai Xiongnu ngu nne shamying ma ai. Ndai amyu ni hta Mongoliar masha Tartar hte Turkey amyu sha ni gayau lawm nga ai.

Dai sha n-ga dai htinggaw hta moi na Kachins ( Proto Kachins hte Hkang) ni mung lawm ai lam hpe mu lu ai.

Scotland mung na Simpson James ngu ai wa gaw Uganda Tanzania, Turkey Miwa, hte Mongolia hkan masha hpraw, nsam baw pungkum hkrang hte labau ni hpe agawn hkawm let Myitkyina e 2004 October shata praw 30 hta mu hkrum shaga ai. Shi tsun ai gaw Jinghpaw Wunpawng sha ni gaw Hsiungnu or Xiongnu amyu Wuhpung lawm ai Mezoram, Hkang ni mung mung nan hte a hpu nau ni rai nhtawm moi 200 BC daram hta Xiongnu masha ni hprawng koi yen ai shaloi Hsiang Lung ngu ai Lungpu hta nga lai wa sai lam chye lu ai, Ndai Hsing Lung Lungpu a mying gaw moi na Miwa mung a lamu ga sumla hta naw rawng nga ai.

1000 BC prat Sara kaba Hanson gaw Burma Research society Journal kaw The Origin of Kachins ngu 1912 December shata e bang shalawm dat ai. Dai shi laika hta e " But it is certain that we must look still further north for the ancestral nidus. This no doubt must be sought among the high lands of Mongolia, and the borderland of eastern Tibet and western Szechuon. Here stood the cradle of the race.

Edmund Leach wa mung Hanson hpe bai mahta nna ka tawn ai kaw ndai Kachins amyu masha ni gaw Gobi zai bru jang e grai kyin dut hkrum let, lu sha tam ningwan hkawm nna gale pru ai ni re nga tsun ai. Ndai Gobi zai bru jang gaw grai dam lada nna mungkan a labau hta du hkra ladaw grai n pyaw dik ai hte tam lu tam sha yak dik ai matsan dik
hku nga pra ra ai shara re. Dai majaw sagu bai nam rem sha nna sha nga nga mai ai.

Gumra jawn nna majan gasat hkawm ra ai. Shanhte hta shingra hpyen ngu ai, nbung laru katsi dik ai shana, kahtet dik ai shani, chyakrin chya-krawt yak dik ai shara re. Dai kaw nga ai Xiongnu masha ni (Huns) ni mung myit ja ai, masha sat gwi ai, num sha ni hpe galoi matsan n dum ai lam hpe tsun hkai nga ma ai.

770 BC hta ndai masha chyazai ni gaw Chou dynasty hpe shang gasat kau ai hpe mu lu ai, Ch'u hkawhkam prat ngu ai gaw ndai barbarians ni lawm ai ai Hkawhkam prat rai nga ai. Xiongnu ni madi shadaw ai Hkawhkam matu ni rai nga ai majaw shanhte a lam Miwa Hkawhkam ni a labau hta grai dan hkung ai hku n masat tawn ai. Rai tim shan hte a prat hta Yellow river ni hka lam mayan sharut gyi ai, hka kaba ai, dai majaw masha ni hprawng yan htawt sit mat wa ai lam kaba byin wa ai.

Gum lau rawt ai, majan kaba, ndai ni a majaw Miwa mung Ch'u hkawhkam prat hta Yunnan de htawt sit sa hkrat wa ai lam rawng nga ai hpe mu lu ai, 286 BC hta Yunnan de Zhaung Qioa ngu ai wa ningbaw nna Ch'u hpe gumlau rawt nna du shang wa ai hte Dian Mungdaw wa gaw gap ai lam rawng nga ai. Dai hta e dai ni na Miwa mung na amyu kaji ni lawm nga ai. (Mysterious Land of Yunnan) Ndai Xiongnu masha ni gaw hkai lu hkai sha ai ni hpe mayam hku yu kaji ai.

Gumra jawn let ntawng nhtu, nkrang kungli ngu ai ndan galoi mung lang ma ai. Sinna na sawk sagawn ai ni tsun yang 1000 BC hta ndai amyu ni gaw gumra jawn let ndan gap yang 900 feets tsan ai shara kaw na lama ma hpe n shut n shai aloi sha lu gap hkra ai atsam rawng ai lam tsun dan ai. (Barbarian: Influ-ence of Nomads on Civilization Gregory G. Guzman Encarta Historical Essay. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004.)

Ndai ni hta wuhpung langai hte langai myit hkrum nhtawm nga lai wa sai majaw Miwa ni a matu hkrit tsang ra dik ai amyu tai wa sai. Dai majaw 220 BC hta Qing Shi Huang Di wa gaw Hsiungnu masha ni a hpyen na makawp maga ra ai majaw Bunghku galu galaw hpang wa masai. Hpa majaw nga yang Ch'in Empire ngu ai Yellow river Hka mut hka a hka nam mayan a shimlam hpe hkra shangun wa ai ai majaw rai nga ai. (Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell, 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" laika man 74)

Miwa mung a Great wall gaw 3000 kilometres galu ai rai nga ai. Ndai aten e gumlau
rawt ai ni nga ma ai. Qing Shih Huang Di gaw ndai hpe manghkang yan na matu 221 BC hta mungdaw 6 hpe gasat gahkyin kau nna hpyenla 300,000 (sen masum) shagreng nhtawm Xiongnu Empire hte shi a myit rum mungdan Dong Hu hpe gasat lai wa sai.

Tibeto-Bunman ni shaga ai ga hta ''Gumra" ngu ai gaw Kachin ni tsun shamying ai rai nna ga dingsa majing re ai lam Sino-Tibetan: A conspectus. by Paul K. Benedict 1972). Myen mung na Historical Commission ni ka tawn ai. (Bohmu Bashin, Anawrahta Mataing hmi Myanmar Naingan).

Miwa ni a nta wang galaw tawn ai gaw moi na masha chyazai ni hte damya ni hpe makawp maga ra ai majaw dai hku dum nta gap rawng ai lam hpe mu lu ai. Moi jiwa ni mung shang dau dau ai, jun damya mya ai gaw laning mi kalang lahkawng lang galaw ra ai hpe maumwi hkai dan lai wa sai.

200 BC hta Miwa Hkawhkam ni ho'ch'in policy ngu ai galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hkawhkam Han Kao-Tsu gaw Hsiungnu masha ni a lata de shang mat wa ai majaw shaning shagu kumhpa sak jaw (annual gift) sak jaw ai. Hsiungnu Hkawhkam Han miwa shayi tsawm sak jaw ai lam hpe hti lu ai. Dai gaw Han Wu-Ti a prat 141 BC du hkra rai nga ai.

Han- Wu-Ti gaw ndai Hsiungnu masha ni hpe dang kau lu na matu Kasa hkringmang langai mi Changchien hpe Central Asia de na masha chyazai hpung mi hpe regau hpyen saw na dat dat ai. Miwa Hkaw Hkam a ( I-I-fa-I ) barbarians to barbarians chyazai hpe chyazai hte gasat shangun ai lai lang ma ai. Dai Chanchien hpe Hsiungnu ni 10 ning daram rim kau ai. Dai hpang shi hpe dat dat ai shaloi Sinna Central Asia Turkey hku Rome de du hkra hpaga yum ga mai ai lam shiga shana ai kaw nna hpang daw de gaw North west Silk Road ngu ai Lairi hpaga lam kaba hpaw nna Roma mare de Miwa dut rai ni lairi sumpan ni, lung seng ni dut ai lam rawng nga ai.

AD 9 - 23 ning hta Han Wu-Ti gaw Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat na matu miwa mung na sut gan law law jasum kau ai majaw mungdan gaw matsan mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai. AD 25 -220 Han hkawhkam prat hta Hkawhkam Wang Mang gaw hpyen la 300,000 (sen masum) lahkawn na Hsiungnu ni hpe gasat ai shaloi miwa mung ting na hpri hte jum hpe nationalization (Shawa zing la) galaw nna ngun kaba dat ai hpe chye lu ai.

Jahtum e Hsiungnu ni hpe daw lahkawng garan kau dat lu ma ai. Central Asia na masha zai ai ni hpe ga saw gasat sai. Hsiungnu ni jawn ai gumra gaw, Mogolian Pony sha rai nhtawm Central Asia ni na kaga Barbarian ni jawn ai Gumra gaw loi grau galu kaba ai.

Northern Hsiungnu hie Southern Hsiungnu ngu garan mat ai. Dingda Hsiungnu ni gaw Han miwa ni hte pawng mat ai. Han miwa ni a galaw lu galaw sha ai lai hkai lu hkai sha ai de shang wa ai. Sagu bai nam rem nna Han ni a sun ni jahten ga law ai lam nau n nga mat wa sai. Han miwa ni a num ni hte dinghku de mat wa ai mare bu ga mung gayau gaya rai nna nga mat wa ai hpe mu lu ai.

Lahta de tsun hkai ai lam hpe bai kadun ai hku shinggyim dat ai.

1. Hsiungnu ni Han Miwa hpe majan dang ai aten, nkau mi Uropa de yawng ai. (1000-700 BC) kaw nna Huns ngu amyu tai masai.

2. Hka kaba nna sharut gyi kaput ai majaw nkau mi yu hkrat magang ai. (600 BC), dingda de buhtawt htawt hkrat wa at aten re.

3. Han miwa ni hte Hsiungnu ni majan byin nna, bunghku galaw ai (great wall) kaw nna hprawng hkrat wa ai Hsingnu ni tribal confederacy galaw ai 220 BC daram sawn lu ai.

(a) Hsiungnu ni a gumra kaji ai. Ndan hte pila madang n dep mat wa ai.

(b) Han Miwa ni gaw grai kaba ai gumra hpe Russia mung maga de na rem lang wa ma ai.

Ndan pila (bow - arrow)grau kaja ai lam langai mi a majaw Xiongnu ni majan sum mat wa ai.

4. Han Miwa ni n-gun ja wa nna Hsiungnu ni n-gun kya mat wa ai. (206BC-AD220)

5. Lairi lam (South West Silk road) hpe Sichuan-Boashan-Myitkyina-India lam AD 69 hta Eastern Han dynasty e galaw ai hpaga lam kaba gaw labau hta ahkyak ai kaw rawng nga ai. Ndai lam hkan nna anhte Wunpawng sha ni nkau mi Jinghpaw mung de du wa ma ai hpe mu lu ai. Sichuan Brocade, Miwa ni galaw ai, Maichyu daw hkrawng, Hpun hte galaw ai dawhkrawng ni hte lairi hpaga ni nga lai wa sai. Wunpawng sha ni hte lairi mung grai ni nga ai.

Bum ga na Nu num ni lai chye yaw ma ai. Hka yawng ningchyin hta mung lairi hpaga ga ai lam ni rawng nga ai. Ndan galaw ai ni lai hpun kaw na hpun greng ai la nna galaw ma ai. Dai gaw Hsiungnu prat e rai nga ai. Dai ni Nung, Rawang, Lisu ni law malawng Ndan nawlang nga ma ai.

Hsiungnu masha ni hta e Mongolian masha ni mung lawm ma ai. Shanhte a num wawn num la, ja hpaga lam ni anhte hte ram ram bung nga ai. Dinghku kata e kaji dik ai wa hpe hkring htawng bai dagraw shangun ai lam ni mung anhte hte bung nga ai.

Madi shadaw ai laika ni.

1.Benedict, Paul. K, 1972. "Sino-Tibetan: A conspectus. Cambridge
2. Hanson, Ola 1912. The Origin of Kachins" Burma Reseach Journal, Rgn.
3. Yongyap & Arthur Cotterell. 1975 "The Early Civilization of China" Britain.
4. A Tour to Mysterious Land of Yunnan-Yunnan Tourism company, China
5. Interviewing with Simpson James.
6. Information from Yunnan - Jinghpo literature Committee.

Source; Hpaawn Shalat Jawng magazine 2005